Combine the dry ingredients: Whisk together flour, ginger, cinnamon, cloves or nutmeg (if using), baking soda, and salt in a medium bowl.

Cream the butter and sugar: In a separate large bowl, beat the softened butter and brown sugar until smooth and creamy.

Add the wet ingredients: Beat in molasses, egg, and vanilla extract until fully combined. Scrape down the sides of the bowl as needed.

Make the dough: Gradually add the dry ingredients to the butter mixture. Mix just until a soft dough forms.

Chill the dough: Divide dough into two portions, flatten into disks, wrap, and refrigerate until firm.

Prepare the oven: Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C) and line baking sheets with parchment paper.

Roll and cut the cookies: On a lightly floured surface, roll dough to an even thickness and cut out gingerbread men.

Bake: Place cookies on the prepared sheets and bake until edges are set and lightly browned.

Cool completely: Let cookies rest briefly on the baking sheet, then transfer to a wire rack.

Decorate: Once cooled, decorate with icing, sprinkles, or candies.